According to Rousseau’s philosophy of naturalism, the aim of education at the age of 12 to 15 years is to gain useful knowledge which would help them to meet their desires and daily life needs (Khalid, 2005). The designed content of physics by Sindh Textbook Board for secondary school curriculum matches with the aim suggested by Rousseau as to enable the students of secondary classes to improve their knowledge of physics and develop problem-solving, analytic/synthetic, and measuring skills as well as necessary traits of valuing to learn physics, working effectively with others, leading effectively and have scientific attitude.

Content suggested by naturalism contains the knowledge and skills about the occupations at the secondary level. The utilization of such knowledge and skills is important (Khalid, 2005). The content selected for physics in the secondary school curriculum involves such topics, which the students by studying will acquire the required knowledge, skills, and values for different occupations. For example one of the topics in the selected content is electricity. The students are expected to learn subject matter about electrical engineering in the topic of electricity. Other topics are mechanics, forces, etc which lead towards mechanical engineering and space engineering respectively.

The methods of teaching suggested in naturalism are discovery learning and inquiry learning where the teacher needs to let the students discover and inquire on their own (Bhatia, 2004). The physics curriculum designed for secondary classes incorporates the inquiry method and discovery method for some of the topics. For example, the students can be assigned project work to find the relationships between waves and sound. While working on this project the students will  search the library, perform activities in the laboratory, and conduct interviews through appropriate planning under the facilitation of the teacher. This way they discover that where do waves form in daily life and what are the relationships between waves and sound.

The teachers who teach to the students of secondary classes need to carry out this kind of analysis while planning their lessons so that students can be benefited from their styles of learning. There are students in classrooms having the tendency to learn new things through discovery and inquiry approaches. Linking content to philosophies, sociological perspectives, and learning theories may be proved to be an effective technique of teaching.

Reference:

Bhatia, K. K. (2004). Philosophical perspective of education. Ludhiana: Kalyan.
Khalid, T. (1998). Education: an introduction to educational philosophy and history. Islamabad: National book foundation. 

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