Observation in a classroom can be defined as a process of collecting data about a teacher’s teaching in a classroom. It includes data gathering about the quality of lesson planning, resources used during teaching, classroom management, assessment techniques and way of delivering the lesson. An observer needs to be reflective while recording the effective performance of a teacher using a tool. 

The first and foremost thing to be observed in a classroom is the quality of lesson planning which involves skillfully setting objectives, selecting and organizing learning activities, selecting  audio-visual resources and assessment techniques. It is to be recorded that the learning objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bounded.  
While collecting data about learning activities, an observer needs to reflect that the activities are aligned with the topic being taught and objectives. Activities need to be sequenced and developmentally appropriate.
Second aspect of classroom observation is the delivery of the lesson. It needs to include the teacher’s command over the subject matter and way of presenting the lesson to the learners in simple and easily understandable language with the help of examples from daily life.  Such activities are presented which seem meaningful and engaging for students on their learning tasks. Due to which learners are involved in individual, pair and group activities.

Teaching resources are the third area for observation which are helpful to gain learners’ attention towards to the lesson. Teaching resources need to be appropriately used by the teacher and those are relevant to address the needs of the learners. Audible and legible resources made by low/no cost local materials play an important role in maximizing learning in classroom.

Forth aspect of classroom observation needs to be collected the data about is the nature of interactions in classroom between teacher to learners and among learners to learners. It needs to be observed that the nature of interaction is supportive and encouraging, fair, unbiased and based on mutual respect.
Assessment in a classroom is the core area to be observed whether the teacher uses a variety of assessment techniques to find out the level of learning among the learners. 

It would be worth observing that the teacher provides constructive feedback while assessing learners’ level of learning. Appropriate questions are asked by teacher and learners are provided with opportunities to ask questions to clarify their misconceptions while rectifying mistakes. Challenging and interesting home task is an element of assessment which a teacher needs to necessarily provide. 

The last but not the least aspect of observation is the classroom environment which includes seating arrangement which is comfortable, moveable, and helpful for interactions. Classroom is tidy and clean which supports learning to be taken place. The teaching in classroom will be effective if an observer records the data about the mentioned aspects of classroom teaching using a tool describing all the aspects through a list of indicators.